Malaria vaccines

The weighted mean CFR among children with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria treated with artemisinin-based combination therapies was 0.068% (95% CI 0.024–0.112). Among studies that offered moderate to high quality care, the weighted mean CFR among hospitalized children with malaria diagnosis was 3.4% (95% CI 1.6–5.2) and among hospitalized children with severe disease was 13.6% (95%CI 8.4–18.8). ^{Go to footnote 11}

Case fatality rates in severe malaria have been estimated at >90% if a child does not reach or receive adequate treatment, and 13-20% for hospitalized children. ^{Go to footnote 22, Go to footnote 33}  Those who survive malaria may have long-term sequalae, including neurocognitive and behavioral impairments. ^{Go to footnote 33}

Non-specific signs and symptoms of malaria contribute to the CFR, as early presentation may be difficult to distinguish from other illnesses. Without treatment, malaria can progress rapidly, changing from an apparently mild condition to severe illness and death within 24 hours. ^{Go to footnote 22}

Malaria also contributes substantially to child mortality indirectly by exacerbating other common childhood illness, such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malnutrition. ^{Go to footnote 22 Go to footnote 44}