Serogrouping is not a relevant concept for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, or hepatitis B in the context of vaccine coverage
There are 6 serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae (a to f) of which type b was the commonest cause of severe disease in children. Disease due to other serotypes and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae can cause disease. Go to footnote 1, Go to footnote 2, Go to footnote 3, Go to footnote 4, Go to footnote 5
Poliovirus exists in three distinct serotypes: types 1, 2, and 3. Immunity to one serotype does not confer protection against the others, necessitating vaccines that target all three (trivalent vaccine). All the available Hexavalent vaccines contains all the three Polio serotypes. Go to footnote 6, Go to footnote 7
- Go back to footnote reference 1
Shuel M, Hoang L, Law DKS, Tsang R (2011). Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in British Columbia: non-Hib and non-typeable strains causing disease in children and adults. Int J Infect Dis. 15:e167–e173. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.10.005.
- Go back to footnote reference 2
Knuf M et al. (2021). Hexavalent vaccines: what can we learn from head-to-head studies? Vaccine. 39(41):6025–6036. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.086.
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Boisnard F, Manson C, Serradell L, Macina D (2023). DTaP-IPV-HB-Hib vaccine (Hexaxim): an update 10 years after first licensure. Expert Rev Vaccines. 22:1196–1213. doi:10.1080/14760584.2023.2280236.
- Go back to footnote reference 4
Vesikari T, Borrow R, Da Costa X, Richard P, Eymin C, Boisnard F, Lockhart S (2017). Concomitant administration of a fully liquid, ready-to-use DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP-T hexavalent vaccine with a meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine in infants. Vaccine. 35(3):452–458. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.053.
- Go back to footnote reference 5
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine: WHO position paper, July 2013. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2013; 88(39): 413–426.
- Go back to footnote reference 6
Polio vaccines: WHO position paper, June 2022. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2022; 97(25): 277–296.7.
- Go back to footnote reference 7
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (no date). Polio vaccines [website]. Atlanta: CDC. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/polio/vaccines/index.html (accessed 24 June 2025).
